China -Westing house AP 1000 reactor
China -Westinghouse AP 1000
The China will build four AP 1000 beginning in 2011. AP 1000 has passed all the steps for compliance with European utility requirement and the AP1000 only generation 111+ plant to receive design certification by U.S. nuclear regulatory commission (NRC) . With many utilities already having selected the AP 1000 as their technology as a choice.
Westinghouse nuclear technology will help to provide future generation with safe, clean and reliable electricity.
Westinghouse Electric Co ( now owned by Toshiba) and its consortium partner, the Shaw group signed land mark contracts with China’s state nuclear technology corporation limited (SNPTC), Sanmen nuclear power company ltd , Shandong nuclear power company, and China national technical import & export corporation to provide four AP1000 nuclear power plants in China. These are first order ever placed for generation 111+ reactors, with potential to take china into nuclear technology leadership role over coming years.
Assuming these first AP1000 projects go well the prospects for more look good particularly with Chinese governments stated aim of perusing nuclear power more actively SNPTC has been set up specially to establish the AP 1000 in china, including technologies transfers while CGNPC ( China Guangdong nuclear power holding company, a subsidiary of China Guangdong nuclear power group ( CGNPG) has said it has under” preparation “ of construct of five or six AP 1000 units, as result of those earlier agreements, preliminary design, engineering and long-lead procurement work was already under way.
The four plants are to be constructed in pairs at Sanmen ( Zhejiang ) and Haiyang (Shandong) sites. Construction begins now with first plant becoming operational in 2013. The remaining three plants are expected to come on line in 2014 and 2015.
Under sub contract with Westinghouse , Doosan of Korea ( which involved with heavy components for country’s generation 111 offering the AP 1400 ) will supply reactor vessels, steam generators and integrated head assemblies for Chinese AP 1000 reactors.
The original plan had been to place two of AP 1000 units at the CGNPC/CGNPG Yagjiang site ( Dongping town, western Guangdong ) rather than Haiyang .
Passive safety
AP 1000 features safety systems to a greater extent than any other commercial available power reactors. In particular systems are used for core cooling, containment isolation and containment cooling, and maintenance of main control room emergency habitability . The passive systems are sufficient to automatically establish and maintain core cooling and containment integrity indefinitely following a design basis events, with no operator action and no-on site or off site power AC power sources.
The passive core cooling systems performs safety injection and reactor coolant make up tanks, accumulations and the containment refueling water storage tank (IRWST) . It also provides residual heat removal by means of passive heat exchanger and IRWST.
Another example of passive systems is the use of natural circulation for removing heat from containment vessels following an accident .The flow of air driven by chimney effect of air heated in the shield containment vessel annulus rising and finally exhausting up through the central opening in the shield building roof. If needed this can be supplemented by water evaporation on the outside of containment shell using water drained by gravity from tank on the top of containment shield building.
Westinghouse describes the AP 1000 as “ the safest, most advanced, yet proven nuclear power plant currently available in world wide market place .“ The core damage frequency is put at 5x 10-7 (events per year).
It is also highly modularized , in design facilitating rapid construction, and high quality and according to Westinghouse , uses less concrete and steel and fewer components and systems than completing design-meaning , there is less to install , inspection and maintenance.
A remarkably short construction schedule 36 months ( from concrete to fuel loading) is claimed .
The passive safety systems are significantly simpler than the traditional PWRs safety systems, they make use of gravity, natural circulation and compressed gas. No pumps,fans,diesel ,chillers or other rotating machinery ,are used in passive safety sub-systems.
They don’t require large net work of safety support systems needed in a typical nuclear power plants such as AC power , HVAC, cooling water systems and seismic buildings to house these components. Simplification of plant systems, combined with increased plant operating margins,reduces,the action required by operator . The AP 1000 also has 50 % fewer valves, 83 % less piping,87 % less control cable,35 % fewer pumps and 50 % less seismic building volume than conventional plant of similar installed capacity. These reduces in equipment and bulk quantities lead to a major savings in plant cost and construction schedule.
The AP 1000 NSSS plant configuration consists of two delta-125 steam generators each connected to reactor pressure vessel by a simple hot leg and two cold legs. There are four reactor coolant pumps that provide circulation of reactor coolant for heat removal. A pressurizer is connected to one of hot leg pipes to maintain sub cooling in reactor coolant system.
Major component changes in corporate into AP 1000 design include a taller reactor vessel, larger steam generators (delta -125) , a larger pressurizer, slightly taller covered reactor coolant pumps wither reactor coolant flows. These designs for these reactor components are based on components that are used in operating PWRs , says Westinghouse .
AP 1000 fuel design is based on 17x17 XL (14 foot) design used successfully at plants in U.S. and Europe . As with AP600 studies have shown that AP 1000 can operate with full core loading of mixed oxide fuel.
Certification and revision
The AP 1000 has received design certification from U.S. Nuclear regulatory Commission and has been selected as preferred technology for a dozen proposed plants being considered for construction over next 10 to 12 years.
AP 1000 is only one of four reactor designs recently submitted to U.K. nuclear installations inspectorate to be considered in its new generic design assessment process, the other being Arevas EPR, Ge's ESBWR and AECLs ACR -1000.
It is suggested NPCIL (NUCLEAR POWER CORPORATION OF INDIA ) should renegotiate with Westinghouse as per earlier their proposal to build AP 1000 reactor in INDIA and using this latest nuclear technology.
The China will build four AP 1000 beginning in 2011. AP 1000 has passed all the steps for compliance with European utility requirement and the AP1000 only generation 111+ plant to receive design certification by U.S. nuclear regulatory commission (NRC) . With many utilities already having selected the AP 1000 as their technology as a choice.
Westinghouse nuclear technology will help to provide future generation with safe, clean and reliable electricity.
Westinghouse Electric Co ( now owned by Toshiba) and its consortium partner, the Shaw group signed land mark contracts with China’s state nuclear technology corporation limited (SNPTC), Sanmen nuclear power company ltd , Shandong nuclear power company, and China national technical import & export corporation to provide four AP1000 nuclear power plants in China. These are first order ever placed for generation 111+ reactors, with potential to take china into nuclear technology leadership role over coming years.
Assuming these first AP1000 projects go well the prospects for more look good particularly with Chinese governments stated aim of perusing nuclear power more actively SNPTC has been set up specially to establish the AP 1000 in china, including technologies transfers while CGNPC ( China Guangdong nuclear power holding company, a subsidiary of China Guangdong nuclear power group ( CGNPG) has said it has under” preparation “ of construct of five or six AP 1000 units, as result of those earlier agreements, preliminary design, engineering and long-lead procurement work was already under way.
The four plants are to be constructed in pairs at Sanmen ( Zhejiang ) and Haiyang (Shandong) sites. Construction begins now with first plant becoming operational in 2013. The remaining three plants are expected to come on line in 2014 and 2015.
Under sub contract with Westinghouse , Doosan of Korea ( which involved with heavy components for country’s generation 111 offering the AP 1400 ) will supply reactor vessels, steam generators and integrated head assemblies for Chinese AP 1000 reactors.
The original plan had been to place two of AP 1000 units at the CGNPC/CGNPG Yagjiang site ( Dongping town, western Guangdong ) rather than Haiyang .
Passive safety
AP 1000 features safety systems to a greater extent than any other commercial available power reactors. In particular systems are used for core cooling, containment isolation and containment cooling, and maintenance of main control room emergency habitability . The passive systems are sufficient to automatically establish and maintain core cooling and containment integrity indefinitely following a design basis events, with no operator action and no-on site or off site power AC power sources.
The passive core cooling systems performs safety injection and reactor coolant make up tanks, accumulations and the containment refueling water storage tank (IRWST) . It also provides residual heat removal by means of passive heat exchanger and IRWST.
Another example of passive systems is the use of natural circulation for removing heat from containment vessels following an accident .The flow of air driven by chimney effect of air heated in the shield containment vessel annulus rising and finally exhausting up through the central opening in the shield building roof. If needed this can be supplemented by water evaporation on the outside of containment shell using water drained by gravity from tank on the top of containment shield building.
Westinghouse describes the AP 1000 as “ the safest, most advanced, yet proven nuclear power plant currently available in world wide market place .“ The core damage frequency is put at 5x 10-7 (events per year).
It is also highly modularized , in design facilitating rapid construction, and high quality and according to Westinghouse , uses less concrete and steel and fewer components and systems than completing design-meaning , there is less to install , inspection and maintenance.
A remarkably short construction schedule 36 months ( from concrete to fuel loading) is claimed .
The passive safety systems are significantly simpler than the traditional PWRs safety systems, they make use of gravity, natural circulation and compressed gas. No pumps,fans,diesel ,chillers or other rotating machinery ,are used in passive safety sub-systems.
They don’t require large net work of safety support systems needed in a typical nuclear power plants such as AC power , HVAC, cooling water systems and seismic buildings to house these components. Simplification of plant systems, combined with increased plant operating margins,reduces,the action required by operator . The AP 1000 also has 50 % fewer valves, 83 % less piping,87 % less control cable,35 % fewer pumps and 50 % less seismic building volume than conventional plant of similar installed capacity. These reduces in equipment and bulk quantities lead to a major savings in plant cost and construction schedule.
The AP 1000 NSSS plant configuration consists of two delta-125 steam generators each connected to reactor pressure vessel by a simple hot leg and two cold legs. There are four reactor coolant pumps that provide circulation of reactor coolant for heat removal. A pressurizer is connected to one of hot leg pipes to maintain sub cooling in reactor coolant system.
Major component changes in corporate into AP 1000 design include a taller reactor vessel, larger steam generators (delta -125) , a larger pressurizer, slightly taller covered reactor coolant pumps wither reactor coolant flows. These designs for these reactor components are based on components that are used in operating PWRs , says Westinghouse .
AP 1000 fuel design is based on 17x17 XL (14 foot) design used successfully at plants in U.S. and Europe . As with AP600 studies have shown that AP 1000 can operate with full core loading of mixed oxide fuel.
Certification and revision
The AP 1000 has received design certification from U.S. Nuclear regulatory Commission and has been selected as preferred technology for a dozen proposed plants being considered for construction over next 10 to 12 years.
AP 1000 is only one of four reactor designs recently submitted to U.K. nuclear installations inspectorate to be considered in its new generic design assessment process, the other being Arevas EPR, Ge's ESBWR and AECLs ACR -1000.
It is suggested NPCIL (NUCLEAR POWER CORPORATION OF INDIA ) should renegotiate with Westinghouse as per earlier their proposal to build AP 1000 reactor in INDIA and using this latest nuclear technology.
posted by P M Babu Rao @ 7:38 PM
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what happen my readers vanished. i have email address have you posted my blog to them .pl help me .
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