India not in priority list of carbon emitters

India not in the priority list of carbon emitter

U.A.E ,Australia & U.S. have the worst overall records for emitting green house gases ,according to an index published on Wednesday combining current and historic emissions.

The top of 183 nations complied by British consultancy Maple Croft was dominated by rich countries OPEC members .It said it aimed  to alert investors to countries vulnerable if U.N. led climate takes average need wider penalties on carbon.

The ranking of carbon -dioxide emission from energy use U.A. E. top largely because of sharp rise in emissions in the recent years linked to desalination plants in economy almost entirely dependent on fossil fuels.

“ Desalination is a positive way to address water security but emission underline the need to find more energy -efficient innovation” Maple Craft said in a statement.

Australia ,dependent on coal was second ahead of U.S. by far the biggest cumulative emitter since 1900 now the number two national emitter behind China. Both Australian and Americans have high per capita emissions.

They will be trailed by Canada, the Netherland ,Saudi Arabia ,Singapore ,Russian , Belgium and Kazakhstan top ten.

Shale  gas and its priority

Shale gas is alternative energy source for substituting CNG  gas.

Shale gas - hydraulic fracing  a way to creating fractures in the underground shale formation with help of fluid is now evolving  as a separate disciple in hydro carbon drilling because of it possible environment.

Many explorers use diesel as fracing fluid to extract gas trapped in rock formation.

For shale gas exploration we need  to drill more holes for unit area than any other hydro carbon which makes it possible more complex. Since shale gas is found much deeper than ground water leaves it may not be possible lead to contamination. India however adopt the best international practices in U.S. by way of caution. 
The  India-U.S. pact on shale gas co-operation signed  during the recent visit of president Barack Obama  should go long way towards ensuring India energy security.

Shale gas exploration  should help reduced India dependency on imported CNG.
U.S. is the only country to have achieved commercial success in shale gas production.

Although India is believed to have good potential shale gas production, as on   date India need shale gas technology to explore shale gas .

According  to memorandum  under standing signed  by two countries U.S. will help India like assessment of shale gas reserves and technical assistance to start exploration and training our engineers.

Shale gas exploration in other countries is still experimental stage. Apart from technology good geologist are required to succeed in shale gas.

In U.S. the cost of shale production varies from  3.3 US. Dollars per mmbtu to 6.4 dollars per mmbtu which lower which lower than imported CNG. India two will have establish cost economics of shale gas for commercial scale production.
India Reliance industries acquired three shale gas field in U.S. and trying to explore this gas.